Слово "город" на европейских языках
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gavpot kaupunki kaupungr ’marketplace' pR OTO-GERMah/c *stadiz ("place") miestas mesto 'place' OLD IRISH kgord-b enclosure“ hórad miasto Stadt misto mesto balhsn nesto Stadt oras varos varos mesto oras ¡dade villa country house" kalaki äkäläk clvitäs v "citizenry* ciudad The origins of the word CITY in various European languages ETYMOLOGY bor9 "| From Latin civitas ("citizenry; community"), from civis I I ("citizen; native"), from PIE *key- ("to lie down; settle"' Others: 1 From Proto-Celtic *dunom ("stronghold"), from PIE *dhuHnom ("enclosure") 2 From Arabic balad ("country; town; city") 3 From Arabic qaia ("fortress; castle" PIE = Proto-Indo-European 2019 10b UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM & LEIDEN UN^ R.M.B. (Virble) Fair use of this work for educatio/bi purposes is allowed borg "stronghold byr o farm; town" cathair stad górod cathair sted cathir fortress" OLD FRENCH cité ,ran/c language ciutat sehir radian belt From Latin villa ("country house"), the same root as English 'villa'; ville can mean both 'city' and 'town' From Proto-Germanic *burgz ("stronghold; city"), the same root as English 'borough', from PIE *bhergh- ("high; mountain; fortress" From Proto-Germanic *stadiz ("place"), the same root as English 'stead', from PIE *steh2tis ("place" From Old Norse byr ("farm; settlement"), from Proto-Germanic *buanq ("to dwell; to reside"), the same root as English 'bound' and 'neighbour' From Proto-Slavic *gordb ("enclosure; settlement"), from PIE *gherdh- ("to enclose; to grasp"), the same root as English 'yard' From Proto-Slavic *mesto ("place; location"), further origin is unknown From Latvian pils ("castle") + seta ("farm; yard"); liel-("big") is often added for emphasis (lielpilseta) From Old Irish cathir ("fortress; city"), from Proto-Celtic *kastrex ("fortification" From Proto-Finnic *litna (castle; town; city), further origin is unknown From Old Gotlandic kaupungr ("marketplace"), from Proto-Germanic *kaupdnq (“to buy"), the same root as English 'cheap' From Ancient Greek polis ("town; city [state]"), from PIE *tpolHis ("fortress; city" From Hungarian var ("citadel; fortress"), borrowed from an unknown Iranic language, + -os (suffix) Probably from Akkadian Kalakh ("Calah"), the ancient capital of the Assyrian Empire From Ottoman Turkish $ehir ("city"), from Persian sahr ("land; city"); the word kent, from Sogdian kand ("city"), is also used in Turkish Unknown, if not listed below: var "castle; fort" ARABIC balad "country; place; city" Kalakh "Calah" (not oil local voriotions are indicated)
Европа,лингвистика,карта,слово
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Гугл переводчик произносит похоже, но не так как надо.
Например, на Чувашском - хула.
2. в разных англоязычных странах town становится city по разным критериям, еще раз для внимateльного тебя: размер/количество населения не основной из них, подробнее здесь или в любом толковом словаре:
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/city-town-village-difference/